These are highly repeated concepts + most expected topics for Entry Tests (Sindh Medical Faculty - Paramedical Courses).
🧬 BIOLOGY – Important Key Points (Entry Test Focus)
🔹 1. Cell Biology (Very Important ⭐⭐⭐)
Basic unit of life → Cell
Powerhouse of cell → Mitochondria
Control center → Nucleus
Protein synthesis → Ribosomes
Plant cell wall → Cellulose
Animal cells lack → Chloroplast
Humans have 46 chromosomes
Functional unit of kidney → Nephron
🔹 2. Human Body Systems ⭐⭐⭐
Excretory System
Kidneys remove waste → Process: Excretion
Urine formed in → Kidneys
Circulatory System
Heart has 4 chambers
Blood is a connective tissue
RBC → Transport oxygen
WBC → Fight infection
Normal body temperature → 37°C / 98.6°F
Blood volume → About 5 liters
Endocrine System
Largest gland → Liver
Largest endocrine gland → Thyroid
Insulin produced by → Pancreas
🔹 3. Diseases (Frequently Asked)
Malaria → Caused by Plasmodium
AIDS → Caused by HIV
Polio → Viral disease
Cancer → Treated by Radiotherapy
🔹 4. Plant Biology ⭐⭐⭐
Botany → Study of plants
Xylem → Transports water
Phloem → Transports food
Chlorophyll → Green pigment
Photosynthesis releases → O2
Vitamin D → Produced in skin via sunlight
🔹 5. Classification
Invertebrates → No backbone
Smallest classification unit → Species
Amoeba moves by → Pseudopodia
Insects → 3 pairs of legs
⚗ CHEMISTRY – Important Key Points
🔹 1. Atomic Structure ⭐⭐⭐
Atom = Basic unit of chemistry
Center of atom → Nucleus
Atomic number = Number of Protons
Electron = Negative charge
Isotopes of Hydrogen = 3
Atomic number of Carbon = 6
Atomic number of Sodium = 11
🔹 2. Important Compounds
Common salt → NaCl
Baking soda → NaHCO3
Sulphuric acid → H2SO4
Chloroform → CHCl3
Ozone → O3
Sand → SiO2
🔹 3. Gases (Very Important)
Respiration gas → Oxygen
Lightest gas → Hydrogen
Natural gas → Methane
Noble gases → Neon, Argon
Atmosphere major gases → Nitrogen & Oxygen
🔹 4. pH Scale ⭐⭐⭐
Neutral → 7
Acid → Less than 7
Base → More than 7
🔹 5. General Chemistry
Universal solvent → Water
Most reactive metal → Sodium
Environmental chemistry → Pollution study
⚡ PHYSICS – Important Key Points
🔹 1. Units (Most Repeated ⭐⭐⭐)
Force → Newton
Length → Meter
Power → Watt
Current → Ampere
Energy → Joule
Commercial electricity unit → Kilowatt-hour
🔹 2. Motion
Laws of motion → Newton
Speed = Distance / Time
Acceleration = Rate of change of velocity
Momentum = Mass × Velocity
Kinetic Energy = ½mv²
Power = Force × Velocity
🔹 3. Heat & Sound
Heat = Form of Energy
Heat transfer in solids → Conduction
Sound cannot travel in → Vacuum
Speed of sound affected by → Temperature
🔹 4. Electricity
Ohm’s Law → V = IR
Battery → Chemical → Electrical energy
Resistance depends on → Length & Temperature
📘 ENGLISH – Important Grammar Areas
🔹 1. Tenses ⭐⭐⭐
Past Continuous → “was eating”
Present Perfect Continuous → “has been studying”
Future Perfect → “will have completed”
🔹 2. Articles
Honest → An
University / Unicorn → A
Musical instrument → The piano is a musical instrument
🔹 3. Parts of Speech
Noun → Name of person/place/thing
Pronoun → He, She, It
Verb → Action word
Collective noun → Team, Family
🔹 4. Important Grammar Rules
Fond of
Suffer from
Between (for two)
Comparative of good → Better
Since vs For usage
🌍 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE – Highly Expected
🔹 Pakistan Studies ⭐⭐⭐
National Poet → Allama Iqbal
National Sport → Hockey
Largest Province (Area) → Balochistan
Manchester of Pakistan → Faisalabad
Largest city → Karachi
Largest river → Indus
🔹 Islamic Studies ⭐⭐⭐
Longest Surah → Al-Baqarah
Smallest Surah → Al-Kausar
2nd Kalima → Shahadat
Khalilullah → Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S)
🎯 FINAL ENTRY TEST STRATEGY
🔥 Most Important Areas to Focus:
Cell Biology
Human Body Systems
Atomic Structure
Units & Formulas (Physics)
Tenses & Articles (English)
Pakistan & Islamic Studies
